googmy goojp goocn goopt goonl goouk gooin goosa MalayHolyday

2.R.O Windstedt, Malays adopted it from the Perso-Arabic script. چ /cha/ is borrowed not from the Arabic but from the Persian, as also is the letter ڬ /ga/ from the Persian گ /gaf/. For ڤ /pa/ is just not Arabic, ڠ /nga/, and پ (or ڽ) /nya/ appear to have been constructed from غ and ن respectively.

3.Professor Dr. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, the Jawi script is directly descended from the Arabic script by the Arab missionaries without any intermediaries like Persians or Hindis. He pointed out that the Arab missionaries were of the Ḥaḍramī origin. the formation of the letter /p/ in Jawi.

4.p is between /bā’/ and /fā’/, but closer to /bā’/. So based on ب /bā’/ formed پ in Persian or Urdu.

5.the case in the Jawi script. ڤ was invented for the sound /p/ based on tف /fā’/. This was due to the practice of the Ḥaḍramī Arabs, who pronounced the sound /p/ closer to the letter /fā’/.

6. ڬ from ك /kāf/ without adopting it directly from the Persian گ /gaf/. ڠ and ڽ (Sanskrit) distinctively unique in the Jawi script.

*(प, फ=ڤ) (ग ,घ=ڬ (च ,छ= چ ) (ङ्=ڠ) (ञ ञ्च् ,न्य, ण्य=ڽ) Bunyi Skt ditulis dengan huruf Arab ubahan(Melayu menjanakan atau transformasikan huruf Arab)

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골꼬레쉰답-캎맨눈-패짣(캎소팻-맴소팻-눈소팻-패소팻-짣소팻

QofReshShinTav-KafSofat-MemSofat-NunSofat-PeSofat-ZadeSofat

A14thCenturyMalayCodeofLaws:TheNitisarasamuccaya-UliKozok-BatuBrsuratTrngganu-Syariah-Uudud-TanjungTanah-Kerinci-Jambi-Brunei

e = ě ě(ə ə) se(ě)rba ce(ě)rdik / ɨ ɨ te(ɨ)bal se(ɨ)ge(ɨ)ra ke(ɨ)ras / é é e(é)kor me(ě)rde(é)ka

e= 1. ě ( ə ) 2. ɨ 3.. é e= 1. ě ( ə ) 2. ɨ 3. é e= 1. ě ( ə ) 어 2. ɨ 으 3. é 에

ě,é,o ě,é,o ě,é,o ě,é,o

أ=ě=어

اْ= ɨ=으

ئ=é=에

ؤ=o=오

==========

اَ=a=아

اِ=i=이

اُ=u=우

===========

bekas=بْكَسْ

keras=كْرَسْ

beres=بئرئسْ

botol=بؤتؤلْ

===========

basah=بَسَهْ

sibuk=سِبُکْ

kukuh=كُكُهْ

============

membekasi=مأمْبأكَسِ

mempergunakan=مْمْڤْرْݢُنَكَنْ

diatasi=دِاَتَسِ

dikehendaki=دِكْهْنْدَکِ

==========================

a,i,u=baris(fathah,kasrah,damma)

ě,é,o=huruf(alif,ya,waw)

=================================

ba=بَ

bi=بِ

bu=بُ

--------

bě=ب

bé=بي

bo=بو

=====

awalan=me,meng,mem,meny,men,se,ter,ber,pe,peng,pem,peny,pen,per,ke itu ada e yang tidak ditulis.

-kan=كَن

-i=kasrah

ai=اَاِ

ia=اِاَ

ialah=اِاَ لَه

iaitu=اِاَاِتُ

yakni=يَعنِيْ-->يَكنِ

membabibutakan=ممبَبِبُتَكَن

menganiayai=مڠَنِاَيَاِ

diatasinyalah=دِاَتَسِڽَلَهْ

digoreng-gorenginyakah=دِݢوريڠݢوريڠِڽَكَه

kewangan=كْوَڠَنْ

kewujudan=كْوُجُدَنْ

keutuhan=كْاُتُهَنْ

pakaian=ڤََكَاِاَنْ

penyelesaian=ڤْڽْلْسَاِاَنْ

penyeléwéngan=ڤْڽْليويڠَنْ

mengosongkan=مْڠوسوڠْكَنْ

mengosonginyalahkah=مْڠوسوڠِڽَلَكَهْ

membelok-belokkan=مْمْبيلوکْ-بيلوکْکَنْ

dibeza-bezakannyalah=دِبيذَ-بيذَكَنْڽَلَهْ

aur=اَاُرْ

ekor=يكورْ

mengekori=مْڠْيكورِ

==================================

dasarkata sahaja yang ditambahi dengan

baris(fathah,kasrah,damma)untuk a,i,u &

huruf alif,ya,waw untuk ě,é,o.

membiayainyalah=مْمْبِاَيَاِڽَلَه

memakaikannyalah=مْمَكَاِكَنْڽَلَهْ

pe=ڤْ

==================================================================

ě=اْ

é=يْ

o=وْ

mengemaskinikan=مْڠْمَسْكِنِكَنْ

mengěmbék-ěmbékkan=مْڠْمْبيْکْ-اْمْبيْكْكَنْ

ombang-ambing=وْمْبَڠْ-اَمْبِڠْ

mengedarkan=مْڠْيْدَرْكَنْ

mengikuti=مْڠِكُتِ

ukur=اُكُرْ

obor=وبور

========================

모음위에 baris있으면 a,i,u

a=اَ

i=يِ

u=وُ

모음위에 baris없으면 ě,é,o

ě=ا(생략)

é=ي

o=و

-----------------------

bébér=بيبير

bibir=بيِبيِر

pěpět=ڤاڤاة

papat=ڤاَڤاَة

kokor=كوكور

kukur=كوُكوُر

ubur=وُبوُر

obor=وبور

amat=اَماَة

ěmak=اماَک

ikan=يِكاَن

émbér=يمبير

mengémbérkan=مڠيمبيركن

membibirkan=ممبيِبيِركن

mengekori=مڠيكوريِ

pembacaan=ڤمباَچاَاَن

pembekuan=ڤمباكوُاَن

mengenai=مڠاناَيِ

menunjukkannya=منوُنجوُككاَنڽاَ

menasihati=مناَسيِهاَتيِ

perkembangan=ڤرکامباَڠاَن

memasyarakatkan=مماَشاَراَكاَتكاَن

permaisuri=ڤرماَيِسوُريِ

itik=يِتيِک

cetek=چيتيک

memperkenalkan=ممڤركناَلكاَن

----------------------------------------

lembat=لمباَة(ě는 alif안쓴다)

lambat=لاَمباَة(a는 alif+baris까지쓴다)

bébér=بيبير

bibir=بيِبيِر

omong=وموڠ كوسوڠ

umur=وُموُر

omor=ومور

ikan=يِكاَن

ékan=يكاَن

ěmas=اماَس

amas=اَماَس

=========================

lěntik=لنتِک(ě는 생략)

lantik=لَنتِک(a는 fathah)

ěmas=امَس

amat=اَمَة(a는 fathah)

sirih=سِرِه(i는 kasrah)

sěrět=سيرية(é는 ya)

ékor=يكور(é는 ya)

ikan=يِكَن(i는 kasrah)

tumpu=تُمڤُ(u는 damma)

tombol=تومبوك(o는 waw)

ungu=وُڠُ(u는 damma)

otot=وتوة(o는 waw)

sungai=سُڠَيِ

bangau=بَڠَوُ

amboi=اَمبويِ

koboi=كوبويِ

a,i,u모음으로시작하는단어는

اَ

يِ

وُ

ě,é,o모음으로 시작하는단어는

----------------------------------------

어중에 a,i,u는

لَ
لِ
لُ

어중에 ě,é,o는

lěn

lén

lon

لن

لين

لون

=====================================================================================

كَمِ سلَلُ مڠݢُنَكَن وتوت٢كَمِ وُنتُک كسِهَتَن كَمِ. يِنِ سمُاَڽَ براَسَل دَرِ نݢَرَ يَڠ ممڤُڽَيِِ بَڽَک

ڤندُدُک دَن رَمَيِ ورَڠ دتَنَه اَيِرڽَ سندِرِ يِتُ سَهَجَ

======================================

Tubuh Lama& Baru=graphemica.com/categories/other-letter/page/1‏

َ ِ ُ ّ ْ

ا a ب b چ c د d ط dd ع e ف f ݢ g غ gh ه h ي i ج j k ك ک k ل l

م m ن n و o ڨ p ق q ر r س s ش sh ص ss ت ة t ا و u ۏ v و و w خ x ی y ذ ز z

huruf tunggal= ه ط ر ع و ص ی س ٮ ڡ ک ح د

titik= 3b݆ / ݅ 3a

2b ֵ /2a܅

1b ݂ / ׁ 1a

ه ط ر ع و ص ی س ٮ ڡ ک ح د

ا
ٮ - ب ي ن ت ث ڽ
ح - ج خ چ
د - ذ
ر - ز
س - ش
ص - ض
ط - ظ
ع - غ ڠ
ڡ - ف ق ڤ
ک - ݢ
ل
م
و - ۏ
ه

http://www.sbsb.my/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=279

huruf alograf=

پ ث ٮ گ كٜ ݢ ؼ ڮ ڭ ݣ ݢ ڬ

ۏ ث چ ݢ ڠ ڡ ڨ

پ ث ٮ ڡ ؼ ڭ ݣ ݢ ڬ گ كٜ unicode-table ݤ ڮ

ڎdh=dd ݚ pegon ڟ th=tt

پ p Parsi گ g

Urdu گ g

بp arab-cina گ g ng=ݣ c=چ

سڮل سݣل سگل سݢل

سڮلّ سݣلّ سگلّ سݢلّ

سَڮَلَّ سَݣَلَّ سَگَلَّ سَݢَلَّ

گ ݣ ؼ كٜ ݢ

َ ِ ُ ّ ْ

googmy goojp goocn​​ goopt goonl goouk gooin goosa MalayHolyday

alldic.daum.net 韓-中-英 京馬사전 glosbe馬-中 FreeOnlinetrans馬-中 mymemory馬-中 etranslator馬-中

Bab.La아-영발음사전 아-영aratools어근찾기사전 Arab-Eng상세reverso사전 Arab-->Eng한 Eng<-->Arab

Mal--Skt--Mal 한글-- Skt Skt발음 Skt-Fran DiGiSkt-Eng शिवाzii.vaa=syii쉬.vaa कृष्णkR.S.Na=Kr.Sh슈.Na

================================================================================================

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

क​ ka (ख​ Kha) ग​ ga (घ​ Gha) ङ nga

च ca (छ Cha) ज ja (झ Jha) ञ nya

​

त ta (थ Tha) द da (ध Dha) न na

​

​

(ट​ tra ठ​ Tra ड​ dra ढ​ Dhra ण​ nra)

​

प​ pa (फ​ Pha) ब​ ba (भ​ Bha) म​ ma

य​ ya र​ ra ल​ la (व​ va)

(श​ sy) (ष​ sh) स​ sa ह​ ha

a=अ=ا ; b=ब=ب; c=च=چ; d=द=د

e=ए=ي; f=X=ف; g=ग=ݢ; h=ह=ه

i=इ=ي; j=ज=ج; k=क​=ک; l=ल=ل; m=म=م; n=न

o=ओ=و; p=प​=ڤ; q=क=ق; r=र​=ر; s=स=س; t=त

​

u=उ=و; v=व=ۏ; w=X=و; x=ष​=X; y=य; z=X=ز

ng=ङ=ڠ; ny=ञ=न्य=ण्य

*Skt tiada f,w

*Arab tiada p,ng,g,c,ny,v

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

=====================================================================================================

googmy goojp goocn goopt goonl goouk gooin goosa MalayHolyday

alldic.daum.net 韓-中-英京馬사전 glosbe馬-中 FreeOnlinetrans馬-中 mymemory馬-中 etranslator馬-中

क ka (ख Kha) ग ga (घ Gha) ङ nga

(ट tra ठ Tra ड dra ढ Dhra ण nra)

प pa (फ Pha) ब ba (भ Bha) म ma

य ya र ra ल la (व va)

(श sy) (ष sh) स sa ह ha

i=इ=ي; j=ज=ج; k=क=ک; l=ल=ل; m=म=م; n=न

o=ओ=و; p=प=ڤ; q=क=ق; r=र=ر; s=स=س; t=त

u=उ=و; v=व=ۏ; w=X=و; x=ष=X; y=य; z=X=ز